Bengaluru: Neurologists in Bengaluru are now seeing at least two to five cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) each month at hospitals, a significant increase from one or two monthly cases earlier. The greater availability of diagnostic centres and modern technology across the city has made diagnosing it much easier. However, leading neurologists at the Autoimmune Subsection of the Indian Academy of Neurology event, organised by Nimhans here Saturday, emphasised the urgent need to make MS medications more affordable for patients.MS is an autoimmune disease that destroys the protective covering (myelin) of nerve fibres, leading to symptoms such as changes in vision, muscle weakness, balance problems, and fatigue. The condition most commonly affects women aged 20–40. “Out of 10 patients, seven to eight are women, and MS affects them during their most productive years. This is why early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial,” said Dr P Sathishchandra, senior consultant (neurology), Apollo Speciality Hospital. He noted with MRI centres now available in nearly every locality, diagnosis has become much easier, but the medications remain expensive. “The treatment is long term, and medications are available in our country. We should see how we can subsidise it and how we can get more production in our country and thereby, cut the costs,” he said.Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), including injectable and oral drugs, form the primary approach to MS treatment. Steroids are also sometimes used to manage acute symptoms. Experts pointed out while govt hospitals do provide some medication, they typically support treatment in the initial stages. As the disease progresses, many patients struggle to afford the medicines required.“Insurance does not cover MS. We are working to get it recognised by insurance providers. Some drugs used for MS are also prescribed for cancer, so insurance companies tend to exclude them. This problem needs to be solved,” said Dr Netravathi M, professor of neurology at Nimhans, who also works at MS and Neuromyelitis Optica Clinic. Dr Netravathi added research funding should also increase. “Research on MS receives less funding compared to diseases like dementia. In other countries, MS research is expanding. The availability of some treatments shouldn’t cause us to neglect research as while treatment makes people better, research helps in making treatment even better.”Dr Jeremy Hobart, consultant neurologist at Derriford Hospital and professor in the UK noted India has a relatively low number of neurologists for its population. He stressed the need for more dedicated MS specialists to ensure early diagnosis and access to advanced treatments.BoxCauses of MSThe exact causes of autoimmune disorders remain unclear, but doctors believe the following could contribute to their development– Stress– Environmental pollution– Vitamin D deficiency– Imbalanced diet– Obesity
